Utility of Tracheostomy in Patients With COVID-19 and Other Special Considerations

Laryngoscope. 2020 Nov;130(11):2546-2549. doi: 10.1002/lary.28734. Epub 2020 May 12.

Abstract

Introduction: Patients who become severely ill from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a high likelihood of needing prolonged intubation, making tracheostomy a likely consideration. The infectious nature of COVID-19 poses an additional risk of transmission to healthcare workers that should be taken into consideration.

Methods: We explore current literature and recommendations for tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19 and look back at previous data from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1), the virus responsible for the SARS outbreak of 2003.

Results: Given the severity and clinical uncertainty of patients with COVID-19 and the increased risk of transmission to clinicians, careful consideration should be taken prior to performing tracheostomy. If tracheostomy is performed, we recommend a bedside approach to limit exposure time and number of exposed personnel. Bronchoscopy use with a percutaneous approach should be limited in order to decrease viral exposure.

Conclusion: Thorough preprocedural planning, use of experienced personnel, enhanced personal protective equipment where available, and a thoughtful anesthesia approach are instrumental in maximizing positive patient outcomes while successfully protecting the safety of healthcare personnel. Laryngoscope, 130:2546-2549, 2020.

Keywords: COVID-19, percutaneous tracheostomy, open tracheostomy, bedside tracheostomy.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • COVID-19 / prevention & control
  • COVID-19 / therapy
  • COVID-19 / transmission*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional / prevention & control*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Occupational Exposure / prevention & control*
  • Personal Protective Equipment*
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Tracheostomy / adverse effects*
  • Tracheostomy / methods