Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1-Positive Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Predicts MACE and the Proinflammatory SMC Phenotype

JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2022 Sep 21;7(10):985-997. doi: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.05.002. eCollection 2022 Oct.

Abstract

Patients with established coronary artery disease remain at elevated risk of major adverse cardiac events. The goal of this study was to evaluate the utility of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1-positive platelet-derived extracellular vesicles as a biomarker for major adverse cardiac events and to explore potential underlying mechanisms. Our study suggests these extracellular vesicles as a potential biomarker to identify and a therapeutic target to ameliorate neointimal formation of high-risk patients.

Keywords: CAD, coronary artery disease; CMFDA, 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate; DAPT, dual antiplatelet therapy; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; EV, extracellular vesicle; LRP1, low-density lipoprotein–related receptor-1; MACE, major adverse cardiac events; PAI, plasminogen activator inhibitor; PAI-1+ PEV, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1–positive platelet-derived extracellular vesicle; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PEV, platelet-derived extracellular vesicle; T-TAS, Total Thrombus-formation Analysis System; VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cells; biomarkers; extracellular vesicles; in-stent restenosis; percutaneous coronary intervention; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; stent thrombosis.