Comorbidity and risk factors of subsequent lower extremity amputation in patients diagnosed with diabetes in Saskatchewan, Canada

Chronic Illn. 2023 Dec;19(4):779-790. doi: 10.1177/17423953221137891. Epub 2022 Nov 10.

Abstract

Objective: Subsequent limb amputation (SLA) may be necessary due to disease progression, infection, or to aid prosthesis fit. SLA in Saskatchewan has increased 3.2% from 2006 to 2019 with minor SLA increasing 9.6% during that period. Diabetes affects a large proportion of patients who require SLA; however, the impact of additional comorbidities is not clear.

Methods: First-episode subsequent lower extremity limb amputation (SLEA) cases with the presence/absence of diabetes, other comorbidities, and demographic characteristics from 2006-2019 were retrieved from Saskatchewan's Discharge Abstract Database. Logistic regression was performed to examine the magnitude of the odds of SLEA.

Results: Among the 956 first-episode SLEA patients investigated, 78.8% were diagnosed with diabetes. Of these, 76.1% were male and 83.0% were aged 50 + years. Three comorbidities: renal failure (AOR = 1.9, 95% Cl 1.1 - 3.0), hypertension (AOR = 3.0, 95% Cl 2.0 - 4.5), and congestive heart failure (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.2 - 3.2), conferred the highest odds of SLEA. The odds of SLEA is greatest for those aged 50-69 years, males, Registered Indians, and associated with a prolonged hospital stay.

Discussion: These data are important as they may help medical providers identify patients at the highest risk of SLEA and target interventions to optimize outcomes.

Keywords: comorbidity; diabetes; epidemiology; lower extremity; subsequent amputation.

MeSH terms

  • Amputation, Surgical
  • Comorbidity
  • Diabetes Mellitus*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Lower Extremity / surgery
  • Male
  • Risk Factors
  • Saskatchewan / epidemiology