ZnO nanowire embedded TiO₂ film as an electrode for perovskite CsPbI₂Br solar cells

A comparative study was conducted to look into the impact of various electron transporting films on the performance of perovskite CsPbI₂Br solar cells. The solar cells with ZnO nanowires embedded TiO₂ as an electrode outperformed those with pure TiO₂ or pure ZnO. The enhanced performance is ascribed to the synergetic effect of both TiO₂/ZnO constituent properties. In particular, an appropriate amount of ZnO nanowires embedded in TiO₂ films could optimize the properties of the electron transporting layer by improving electron transport, light harvesting, and overall photovoltaic performance, leading to the power conversion efficiency as high as 10.53%.