Purpose: To review information pertaining to secondary glaucoma following infant lensectomy and provide evidence to support the mechanism responsible for this condition.
Methods: Reported risk factors and proposed mechanisms for infantile aphakic glaucoma are reviewed. Laboratory studies and clinical observations in affected patients with glaucoma are described. Evidence of postoperative anterior chamber fibrosis is reviewed and interpreted.
Results: Clinical evidence demonstrated the development of anterior chamber fibrosis following infant cataract surgery. Laboratory studies showed liberated lens epithelial cell transition to fibroblasts.
Conclusions: The review and assessment of laboratory and clinical evidence support the proposal that infantile aphakic glaucoma is caused, in part, by postoperative anterior chamber fibroization related to lens cell dispersion, cytokine activation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition with resultant filtration angle fibrosis and secondary loss of filtration function. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2022;59(4):236-242.].