Proinflammatory State in the Odontogenesis of Fetuses Exposed to Different Types of Fatty Acids during Pregnancy

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to analyze the possible changes caused by the maternal ingestion of different types of fatty acids during pregnancy in the proinflammatory state in the odontogenesis of the fetuses.

Subject and methods: Twenty-four jaws (n = 6 per group) of Wistar rats were collected on the 20th day of intrauterine life. Mothers were separated on the first day of pregnancy into 4 groups according to diet, as described below: control group (C) - diet with soy oil as a source of fat; saturated fatty acid group (S) - diet with lard in saturated fatty acids; trans-fatty acid group (T) - diet with vegetable fat, rich in trans-saturated fatty acids; and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) group - diet with fish oil, rich in PUFAs.

Results: Microscopic analysis showed no alterations in tissue development of the teeth between the groups with different lipid diets (T, S, and PUFA) when compared to the control group (C); immunohistochemical analysis for the expression of JAK2, STAT3, P-STAT3, SOCS3, and IL-6 showed no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) compared to the control group. However, there were changes (p < 0.05) between the T group and the PUFA group in the expression of JAK2.

Conclusion: Thus, lipid consumption in the maternal diet remains a topic to be explored in embryonic development, despite not causing morphological changes to the tooth germ of rats.