Systematic Review Procedures for the World Health Organization (WHO) Evidence Syntheses on Benefits and Harms of Structured and Standardized Education/Advice, Structured Exercise Programs, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), and Needling Therapies for the Management of Chronic Low Back Pain in Adults

Affiliations

• ¹ Institute for Disability and Rehabilitation Research and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada. carolina.cancelliere@ontariotechu.ca.
• ² Institute for Disability and Rehabilitation Research and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada.
• ³ Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
• ⁴ Département chiropratique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, (Québec), Canada.
• ⁵ School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Québec, Canada.
• ⁶ Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
• ⁷ Spine Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal.
• ⁸ Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
• ⁹ Department of Research and Innovation, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Canada.
• ¹⁰ Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
• ¹¹ Epidemiology Division and Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
• ¹² Queen's Collaboration for Health Care Quality Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
• ¹³ Division of General Medical Rehabilitation, Geneva University and University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
• ¹⁴ Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Multidisciplinary Pain Centre, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
• ¹⁵ EPPI-Centre, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, England, UK.
• ¹⁶ Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
• ¹⁷ Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, USA.
• ¹⁸ Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
• ¹⁹ EBPI-UWZH Musculoskeletal Epidemiology Research Group, University of Zurich and Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
• ²⁰ Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
• ²¹ University Spine Centre Zurich (UWZH), Balgrist University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.