Current best evidence for clinical care (more info)
OBJECTIVES: Rapid, reliable and easy-to-implement diagnostics that can be adapted in early severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnosis are critical to combat the epidemic. SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) is an ideal target for viral antigen-based detection. A rapid and convenient method was developed based on fluorescence immunochromatographic (FIC) assay to detect the SARS-CoV-2 NP antigen. However, the accuracy of this diagnostic method needs to be examined.
METHODS: This prospective study was carried out between 10 and 15 February 2020 in seven hospitals in Wuhan and one hospital in Chongqing, China. Participants with clinically suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. NP antigen testing by FIC assay and nucleic acid (NA) testing by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) were performed simultaneously in a blinded manner with the same nasopharyngeal swab sample. The diagnostic accuracy of NP antigen testing was calculated by taking NA testing of RT-PCR as the reference standard, in which samples with a cycle threshold (Ct) value of =40 were interpreted as positive for SARS-CoV-2.
RESULTS: A total of 253 participants were enrolled; two participants were excluded from the analyses because of invalid NP testing results. Of 251 participants (99.2%) included in the diagnostic accuracy analysis, 201 (80.1%) had a Ct value of =40. With Ct value 40 as the cutoff of NA testing, the sensitivity, specificity and percentage agreement of the FIC assay was 75.6% (95% confidence interval, 69.0-81.3), 100% (95% confidence interval, 91.1-100) and 80.5% (95% confidence interval, 75.1-84.9) respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: With RT-PCR assay as the reference standard, NP antigen testing by FIC assay shows high specificity and relatively high sensitivity in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis in the early phase of infection.
| Discipline / Specialty Area | Score |
|---|---|
| Hospital Doctor/Hospitalists | |
| Internal Medicine | |
| Pediatric Emergency Medicine | |
| Emergency Medicine | |
| Infectious Disease | |
| Pediatric Hospital Medicine | |
Based on the article, antigen testing achieved reasonable sensitivity and very good specificity in reference to nucleic acid PCR amplification. The issue is that depending on how the sample is collected, PCR testing can yield a number of false negatives. Nevertheless, it demonstrates that without needing a lot of resources, improved test turnaround time is offered by antigen testing.
This is very practical information for those of us involved in the identification of COVID-19 patients.